I have recently added genealogical tables of the Julio-Claudians (the first Roman imperial family) and of the Herodians, of which Queen Berenice of Cilicia, a principal character in Memoirs of the Destruction, was a member.
In working with the somewhat disorganized notes Jacob left with
my mother in 1954, I needed to assemble a library of books he himself had consulted
in constructing he narratives. I also attempted to read books by those scholars
under whom and with whom Jacob studied at Tübingen and later at Marburg,
Germany, before and after World War II. I also received many valuable recommendations from Professor Earle Ellis, who was at the New Brunswick Theological Seminary when I first met him and who later founded the International Reference Library for Biblical Research. I have recently donated most of my theological and historical library to the Theological Book Network of Grand Rapids, Michigan, a charitable organization that sends donated
books to seminaries and libraries around the world, particularly institutions
operating in poorer countries where resources for building libraries are
difficult to come by.
Jacob wanted his readers not only to enter the ancient world but also the ancient mind. He did not want to sanitize the period to make it palatable to modern sensibilities, but he was equally determined not to demonize people whose practices and beliefs were very different from our own. He saw the danger of historical fiction presenting nothing more than a dress bell, as Marguerite Yourcenar warned against, with modern people walking through the ancient world as if we could be beamed back, like a Star Trek crew, and permitted to put on the costumes and walk through the buildings of the ancients without having to shed modern prejudices and thought patterns. He knew that Jews, Christians, worshipers of Isis, and holders of other beliefs and practices of the first century, had many more things in common in their daily lives with each other than any of them have with us.
Taking us back into this world also required that Jacob show
that there were trajectories of belief in Christianity and Judaism that did not
survive to modern times, or sometimes even beyond the first or second
century. The characters he imagined do not always say things that a modern
Christian or Jew would find acceptable. That, more than any other reason, was
why I had to learn about the time, because I did not want to misunderstand what
a statement, such as the description of Jesus as a demigod, meant in
first-century Rome. Centralization of the control of much of the Christian
world in Rome and of rabbinic Judaism in Babylon (Bagdad) in late antiquity led
to standardization of belief, as a result of which other early concepts
withered and disappeared, only to be resurrected by modern scholarship of the
sort in which Jacob once studied.
I have begun the process of digitizing Jacob’s notes, but
that will take time to complete. In the meantime, the following list includes
the books Jacob referred to, as well as those I consulted in
working with his notes. Although most of these books are now being distributed by the
Theological Book Network, there are a few, such as Gnosticism in Corinth, that I
cannot bring myself to part with. Just having that and some other books on a
shelf reminds me of minor epiphanies that were important in realizing
Jacob’s objectives, which takes me briefly back to a world I do not want ever to
leave entirely.
Adkins, Lesley, and Adkins, Roy A. (1996). Dictionary of
Roman Religion. New York: Facts on File, Inc.
Aharoni, Yohanan (1979). The Land of the Bible: A Historical
Geography. Philadelphia: Westminster Press.
Aharoni, Yohanan, and Avi-Yonah, Michael (1977). The
Macmillan Bible Atlas. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.
Albright, W.F. (1949). The Archaeology of Palestine.
Baltimore: Penguin Books.
Allbutt, T. Clifford (1921). Greek Medicine in Rome. London: Macmillan & Co.
Alon, Gedalyahu (1977). Jews, Judaism and the Classical
World. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press.
Alon, Gedaliah (1989). The Jews in Their Land in the
Talmudic Age. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens (1954).
Ancient Corinth: A Guide to the Excavations.
Anderson, Graham (1984). Ancient Fiction: The Novel in the
Graeco-Roman World. London: Groom Helm.
Anderson, James C. (1997). Roman Architecture and Society.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Anderson, William J., and Spiers, R. Phene (1927). The
Architecture of Ancient Greece. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd.
Argall, Randal A., Bow, Beverly A., and Werline, Rodney A.
(eds.). For a Later Generation. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press.
Argyle, A.W. (i1963). The Gospel According to Matthew.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Arnheim, M.T.W. (1977). Aristocracy in Greek Society.
London: Thames & Hudson.
Arnold, W.T. (1914). Roman Provincial Administration.
Chicago: Ares Publishers.
Asch, Sholem (1943). The Apostle. New York: G.P. Putnam’s
Sons.
Avi-Yonah (1961). The Herodian Period. New Brunswick:
Rutgers University Press.
Bachofen, J.J. (1967). Myth, Religion, and the Mother Right.
Princeton: Bollingen Series.
Bainton, Roland H. (1952). The Reformation of the Sixteenth
Century. Boston: Beacon Press.
Bainton, Roland H. (1973). Women of the Reformation in
France and England. Boston: Beacon Press.
Baldwin, Barry (1973). Studies in Lucian. Toronto: Hakkert.
Balsdon, J.P.V.D. (1963). Roman Women: Their History and
Habits. New York: The John Day Co.
Balsdon, J.P.V.D. (1969). Life and Leisure in Ancient Rome.
London: Phoenix Press.
Balsdon, J.P.V.D. (1979).Romans and Aliens. Chapel Hill:
University of North Carolina Press.
Baly, Denis (1937). The Geography of the Bible. New York:
Harper & Brothers.
Bammel, Ernst, and Moule, C.F.D. (1985). Jesus and the
Politics of His Day. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Barclay, John M.G. (1996). Jews in the Mediterranean
Diaspora from Alexander to Trajan (323 BCE – 117 CE). Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Barker, Ernest (1958). The Politics of Aristotle. London:
Oxford University Press.
Barker, John W. (1966). Justinian and the Later Roman
Empire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Barker, Phil (1981). The Armies and Enemies of Imperial
Rome. West Sussex: Wargames Research Group.
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Barret, Anthony (1996). Agrippina: Sex, Power, and Politics
in the Early Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Barton, Carlin (1993). The Sorrows of the Ancient Romans:
The Gladiator and the Monster. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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Michigan Press.
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and Doublespeak from Nero to Hadrian. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
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the Early Church. Edinburgh: T.&T. Clark.
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Century Setting. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans.
Bauer, Walter (1971). Orthodoxy and Hersey in Earliest
Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
Beacham, Richard C. (1992). The Roman Theatre and Its
Audience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Beard, Mary, and North, John (1990). Pagan Priests. London:
Duckworth.
Beare, W. (1951). The Roman Stage: A Short History of Latin
Drama in the Time of the Republic. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Becatti, Giovanni et al. (1967). Mithraism in Ostia.
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Bechmann, Roland (1990). Trees and Man: The Forest in the
Middle Ages. New York: Paragon House.
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Tribesman in Iran. Berkeley: University of California Press.
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Private Life of the Ancient Greeks. London: Longmans, Green & Co.
Beinart, Haim (1992). Atlas of Medieval Jewish History. New
York: Simon & Schuster.
Bell, H. Idris (1957). Cults & Creeds in Graeco-Roman
Egypt. Chicago: Ares Publishers Inc.
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Discovery of Ancient Jerusalem. New York: Harper & Row.
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of the Western Legal Tradition. Cambridge:
Berquist, Jon L. (1989). Judaism in Persia’s Shadow. Eugene,
Oregon: Wipf & Stock.
Bickerman, Elias J. (1980). Chronology of the Ancient World.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Bickerman, Elias J. (1988). The Jews in the Greek Age.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Bieber, Margarete (1971). The History of the Greek and Roman
Theater. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Binns, L. Elliott (1967). The History of the Decline and
Fall of the Medieval Papacy. London: Archon Books.
Bishop, W.J. (1960). The Early History of Surgery. New York: Barnes & Noble.
Blake, Marion Elizabeth (1973). Roman Construction in Italy
from Nerva through the Antonines. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
Bokser, Baruch M. (1984). The Origins of the Seder: The
Passover Rite and Early Rabbinic Judaism. Berkeley: University of California
Press.
Bonner, Stanley F. (1977). Education in Ancient Rome.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bornkamm, Gunther (1969). Early Christian Experience. New
York: Harper & Row.
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Commentary. Brussels: Latomus Revue d’Etudes Latines.
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Christian Church. London: SPCK.
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1400-1800. New York: Harper Colophon.
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Thought in Ancient Egypt. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Brentano, Robert (1974). Rome before Avignon: A Social
History of Thirteenth-Century Rome. New York: Basic Books.
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Brooke, Christopher (1978). The Saxon and Norman Kings:
Third Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Brooten, Bernadette J. (1982). Women Leaders in the Ancient
Synagogue. Brown Judaic Studies 36. Chico, California: Scholars Press.
Brothwell, Don and Patricia (1969). Food in Antiquity: A
Survey of the Diet of Early Peoples. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
Brown, Peter (1967). Augustine of Hippo. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Brown, Peter (1982). Society and the Holy in Late Antiquity.
London: Faber & Faber.
Brown, Peter (1988). The Body and Society: Men, Women, and
Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity. New York: Columbia University Press.
Brown, Raymond (1979). The Community of the Beloved
Disciple. New York: Paulist Press.
Bruce, F.F. (1969). The Acts of the Apostles. Grand Rapids:
Wm. B. Eerdmans.
Bruce, F.F. (1985). The Pauline Circle. Grand Rapids,
Michigan: William B Eerdmans.
Buchler, Adolph (1968). Types of Jewish-Palestinian Piety
from 70 B.C.E. to 70 C.E. New York: Ktav Publishing House.
Buckland, W.W. (1908, 1970). The Roman Law of Slavery.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bultmann, Rudolf (1955). Theology of the New Testament. New
York: Scribner’s.
Bultmann, Rudolf (1976). History of the Synoptic Tradition.
New York: Harper & Row.
Bultmann, Rudolf (1985).The Second Letter to the
Corinthians. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House.
Bultmann, Rudolf (1987). Faith and Understanding.
Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
Burckhardt, Jacob (1949). The Age of Constantine the Great.
New York: Doubleday & Co.
Burkert, Walter (1983). Homo Necans. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Burkert, Walter (1985). Greek Religion. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press.
Burkert, Walter (1987). Ancient Mystery Cults. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press.
Cagnat, R. (1911, 1975). Inscriptiones Graecae ad Res
Romanas Pertinentes. Chicago: Ares Publishers.
Cameron, Alan (1973). Porphyrius the Charioteer. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Cameron, Averil, and Hall, Stuart G. (1999). Eusebius: Life
of Constantine. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Campbell, Joseph (1955). The Mysteries. Princeton: Bollingen
Series XXX.
Cantarella, Eva (1992). Bisexuality in the Ancient World.
New Haven: Yale University of Press.
Carcopino, Jerome (1940). Daily Life in Ancient Rome. New
Haven: Yale University Press.
Casson, Lionel (1973). Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient
World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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Hakkert.
Chadwick, Henry (1976). Priscillian of Avila: The Occult and
the Charismatic in the Early Church. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chadwick, Owen (1977). The Reformation. Middlesex, England:
Penguin.
Champlin, Edward (1980). Fronto and Antonine Rome.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
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Imperial Army. Chicago: Ares Press.
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Dawn of a New Era, 1250-1453. New York:
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Culture. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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in the Fourth Century. Oxford: Oxford Classical Monographs.
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