I have published the books of Jacob Watts, of which I am the
editor, as kindle books on Amazon. The Field of Ghosts and Memoirs of the Destruction are works
of historical fiction that take place in Rome, Jerusalem, and other locations around the Mediterranean, during
the first century AD. Jacob imagined the period through narratives left by four
people who lived in the final years of the reign of the emperor Nero and into
the reigns of Vespasian and Titus. The narrators were witnesses to some of the
most important historical events of the period, including the great fire of AD
64, the Jewish revolt of AD 66 to 70, and the Roman civil wars from AD 68 to 69.
I have recently added genealogical tables of the Julio-Claudians (the first Roman imperial family) and of the Herodians, of which Queen Berenice of Cilicia, a principal character in Memoirs of the Destruction, was a member.
I have recently added genealogical tables of the Julio-Claudians (the first Roman imperial family) and of the Herodians, of which Queen Berenice of Cilicia, a principal character in Memoirs of the Destruction, was a member.
In working with the somewhat disorganized notes Jacob left with
my mother in 1954, I needed to assemble a library of books he himself had consulted
in constructing he narratives. I also attempted to read books by those scholars
under whom and with whom Jacob studied at Tübingen and later at Marburg,
Germany, before and after World War II. I also received many valuable recommendations from Professor Earle Ellis, who was at the New Brunswick Theological Seminary when I first met him and who later founded the International Reference Library for Biblical Research. I have recently donated most of my theological and historical library to the Theological Book Network of Grand Rapids, Michigan, a charitable organization that sends donated
books to seminaries and libraries around the world, particularly institutions
operating in poorer countries where resources for building libraries are
difficult to come by.
One of my researchers asked me which book was my favorite of
those I read for the editing assignment that I gave myself, which because of other
responsibilities has taken more than thirty years. I answered that the book
that moved me from having no thought of doing anything at all with Jacob’s
notes towards a commitment to complete what I saw as his goal was Gnosticism
in Corinth (German: Die Gnosis in Korinth). This book was written by
a German theologian, Walter Schmithals, someone mentioned several times by
Jacob in his correspondence and whom he apparently knew when they were both
studying at Marburg. The book allowed me to see, for the first time, how early
Christianity fit into the belief systems of the Greco-Roman world in the mid-
to late-first century AD. Other books have given such perspectives just as well,
but when I read Schmithals I saw for the first time what I must do with Jacob’s
notes. I believe that Jacob’s work in India and southeast Asia, dealing with
people he loved but who had grown up with very different religious backgrounds,
gave him an interest in what it was like for apostles, like Paul and Peter, to speak to people who had a wide range of religious backgrounds as they
traveled across the northern Mediterranean as far as and perhaps further than
Rome.
Jacob wanted his readers not only to enter the ancient world but also the ancient mind. He did not want to sanitize the period to make it palatable to modern sensibilities, but he was equally determined not to demonize people whose practices and beliefs were very different from our own. He saw the danger of historical fiction presenting nothing more than a dress bell, as Marguerite Yourcenar warned against, with modern people walking through the ancient world as if we could be beamed back, like a Star Trek crew, and permitted to put on the costumes and walk through the buildings of the ancients without having to shed modern prejudices and thought patterns. He knew that Jews, Christians, worshipers of Isis, and holders of other beliefs and practices of the first century, had many more things in common in their daily lives with each other than any of them have with us.
Jacob wanted his readers not only to enter the ancient world but also the ancient mind. He did not want to sanitize the period to make it palatable to modern sensibilities, but he was equally determined not to demonize people whose practices and beliefs were very different from our own. He saw the danger of historical fiction presenting nothing more than a dress bell, as Marguerite Yourcenar warned against, with modern people walking through the ancient world as if we could be beamed back, like a Star Trek crew, and permitted to put on the costumes and walk through the buildings of the ancients without having to shed modern prejudices and thought patterns. He knew that Jews, Christians, worshipers of Isis, and holders of other beliefs and practices of the first century, had many more things in common in their daily lives with each other than any of them have with us.
I do not know if it would be said by Jacob, but I came to
see the early period of Christianity, more than two centuries before it would
begin to have official acceptance, as the best period in the religion’s
history. The proponents of the teachings of Jesus and his followers had to work
to spread their belief, and they had to consider how people of different
backgrounds would interpret words that did not always have the same meaning for
those speaking as they did for those listening. I am not religious myself—in
fact I am an atheist—but as I read the New Testament in Greek in order to
understand how the evangelists thought and spoke, I could not help but admire how
these tireless messengers always had dust on their feet as they moved from
village to village, city to city, region to region. They were trying to spread
a message they saw as crucial to surviving the end of time, which many of them believed
was imminent. They were not trying, and would not have been able, to impose
their beliefs on anyone. They had no political power and sought none. They had
to be persuasive, rather than dictatorial, and they had to set examples. They
could ill afford discrepancies between their public and private lives.
Taking us back into this world also required that Jacob show
that there were trajectories of belief in Christianity and Judaism that did not
survive to modern times, or sometimes even beyond the first or second
century. The characters he imagined do not always say things that a modern
Christian or Jew would find acceptable. That, more than any other reason, was
why I had to learn about the time, because I did not want to misunderstand what
a statement, such as the description of Jesus as a demigod, meant in
first-century Rome. Centralization of the control of much of the Christian
world in Rome and of rabbinic Judaism in Babylon (Bagdad) in late antiquity led
to standardization of belief, as a result of which other early concepts
withered and disappeared, only to be resurrected by modern scholarship of the
sort in which Jacob once studied.
I have begun the process of digitizing Jacob’s notes, but
that will take time to complete. In the meantime, the following list includes
the books Jacob referred to, as well as those I consulted in
working with his notes. Although most of these books are now being distributed by the
Theological Book Network, there are a few, such as Gnosticism in Corinth, that I
cannot bring myself to part with. Just having that and some other books on a
shelf reminds me of minor epiphanies that were important in realizing
Jacob’s objectives, which takes me briefly back to a world I do not want ever to
leave entirely.
Adkins, Lesley, and Adkins, Roy A. (1996). Dictionary of
Roman Religion. New York: Facts on File, Inc.
Aharoni, Yohanan (1979). The Land of the Bible: A Historical
Geography. Philadelphia: Westminster Press.
Aharoni, Yohanan, and Avi-Yonah, Michael (1977). The
Macmillan Bible Atlas. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.
Albright, W.F. (1949). The Archaeology of Palestine.
Baltimore: Penguin Books.
Allbutt, T. Clifford (1921). Greek Medicine in Rome. London: Macmillan & Co.
Alon, Gedalyahu (1977). Jews, Judaism and the Classical
World. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press.
Alon, Gedaliah (1989). The Jews in Their Land in the
Talmudic Age. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
American School of Classical Studies at Athens (1954).
Ancient Corinth: A Guide to the Excavations.
Anderson, Graham (1984). Ancient Fiction: The Novel in the
Graeco-Roman World. London: Groom Helm.
Anderson, James C. (1997). Roman Architecture and Society.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Anderson, William J., and Spiers, R. Phene (1927). The
Architecture of Ancient Greece. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd.
Argall, Randal A., Bow, Beverly A., and Werline, Rodney A.
(eds.). For a Later Generation. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press.
Argyle, A.W. (i1963). The Gospel According to Matthew.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Arnheim, M.T.W. (1977). Aristocracy in Greek Society.
London: Thames & Hudson.
Arnold, W.T. (1914). Roman Provincial Administration.
Chicago: Ares Publishers.
Asch, Sholem (1943). The Apostle. New York: G.P. Putnam’s
Sons.
Avi-Yonah (1961). The Herodian Period. New Brunswick:
Rutgers University Press.
Bachofen, J.J. (1967). Myth, Religion, and the Mother Right.
Princeton: Bollingen Series.
Bainton, Roland H. (1952). The Reformation of the Sixteenth
Century. Boston: Beacon Press.
Bainton, Roland H. (1973). Women of the Reformation in
France and England. Boston: Beacon Press.
Baldwin, Barry (1973). Studies in Lucian. Toronto: Hakkert.
Balsdon, J.P.V.D. (1963). Roman Women: Their History and
Habits. New York: The John Day Co.
Balsdon, J.P.V.D. (1969). Life and Leisure in Ancient Rome.
London: Phoenix Press.
Balsdon, J.P.V.D. (1979).Romans and Aliens. Chapel Hill:
University of North Carolina Press.
Baly, Denis (1937). The Geography of the Bible. New York:
Harper & Brothers.
Bammel, Ernst, and Moule, C.F.D. (1985). Jesus and the
Politics of His Day. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Barclay, John M.G. (1996). Jews in the Mediterranean
Diaspora from Alexander to Trajan (323 BCE – 117 CE). Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Barker, Ernest (1958). The Politics of Aristotle. London:
Oxford University Press.
Barker, John W. (1966). Justinian and the Later Roman
Empire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Barker, Phil (1981). The Armies and Enemies of Imperial
Rome. West Sussex: Wargames Research Group.
Barnes, Timothy D. (1981). Constantine and Eusebius.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Barret, Anthony (1996). Agrippina: Sex, Power, and Politics
in the Early Empire. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Barton, Carlin (1993). The Sorrows of the Ancient Romans:
The Gladiator and the Monster. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Barton, Tamsyn S. (1994). Ancient Astrology. London: Routledge.
Barton, Tamsyn S. (2002). Power and Knowledge: Astrology,
Physiognomics, and Medicine under the Roman Empire. Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press.
Bartsch, Shadi (1994). Actors in the Audience: Theatricality
and Doublespeak from Nero to Hadrian. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Bauckham, Richard (1990). Jude and the Relatives of Jesus in
the Early Church. Edinburgh: T.&T. Clark.
Bauckham, Richard (1995). The Book of Acts in Its First
Century Setting. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans.
Bauer, Walter (1971). Orthodoxy and Hersey in Earliest
Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
Beacham, Richard C. (1992). The Roman Theatre and Its
Audience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Beard, Mary, and North, John (1990). Pagan Priests. London:
Duckworth.
Beare, W. (1951). The Roman Stage: A Short History of Latin
Drama in the Time of the Republic. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Becatti, Giovanni et al. (1967). Mithraism in Ostia.
Northwestern University Press.
Bechmann, Roland (1990). Trees and Man: The Forest in the
Middle Ages. New York: Paragon House.
Beck, Lois (1991). Nomad: A Year in the Life of a Qashqa’I
Tribesman in Iran. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Becker, W.A. (1899). Charicles or Illustrations of the
Private Life of the Ancient Greeks. London: Longmans, Green & Co.
Beinart, Haim (1992). Atlas of Medieval Jewish History. New
York: Simon & Schuster.
Bell, H. Idris (1957). Cults & Creeds in Graeco-Roman
Egypt. Chicago: Ares Publishers Inc.
Ben-Dov, Meir (1982). In the Shadow of the Temple: The
Discovery of Ancient Jerusalem. New York: Harper & Row.
Berman, Harold J. (1983). Law and Revolution: The Formation
of the Western Legal Tradition. Cambridge:
Berquist, Jon L. (1989). Judaism in Persia’s Shadow. Eugene,
Oregon: Wipf & Stock.
Bickerman, Elias J. (1980). Chronology of the Ancient World.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Bickerman, Elias J. (1988). The Jews in the Greek Age.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Bieber, Margarete (1971). The History of the Greek and Roman
Theater. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Binns, L. Elliott (1967). The History of the Decline and
Fall of the Medieval Papacy. London: Archon Books.
Bishop, W.J. (1960). The Early History of Surgery. New York: Barnes & Noble.
Blake, Marion Elizabeth (1973). Roman Construction in Italy
from Nerva through the Antonines. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
Bokser, Baruch M. (1984). The Origins of the Seder: The
Passover Rite and Early Rabbinic Judaism. Berkeley: University of California
Press.
Bonner, Stanley F. (1977). Education in Ancient Rome.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bornkamm, Gunther (1969). Early Christian Experience. New
York: Harper & Row.
Bornkamm, Gunther (1969). Paul. New York: Harper & Row.
Bornkamm, Gunther (1975). Jesus of Nazareth. New York:
Harper & Row.
Bourguet, Pierre du (1965). Early Christian Painting. New
York: Compass Books.
Bousset, Wilhelm (1970). Kyrio Christos. Nashville: Abingdon
Press.
Boylan, Patrick (1922). Thoth: The Hermes of Egypt. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Bradley, K.R. (1978). Suetonius’ Life of Nero: An Historical
Commentary. Brussels: Latomus Revue d’Etudes Latines.
Bradley, K.R. (1984). Slaves and Masters in the Roman Empire.
New York: Oxford University Press.
Brandon, S.G.F. (1967). Jesus and the Zealots. New York:
Scribner’s.
Brandon, S.G.F. (1978). The Fall of Jerusalem and the
Christian Church. London: SPCK.
Branston, Brian (1974). The Lost Gods of England. New York:
Oxford University Press.
Braudel, Fernand (1967). Capitalism and the Material Life,
1400-1800. New York: Harper Colophon.
Breasted, James H. (1940). Development of Religion and
Thought in Ancient Egypt. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Brentano, Robert (1974). Rome before Avignon: A Social
History of Thirteenth-Century Rome. New York: Basic Books.
Brilliant, Richard (1963). Gesture and Rank in Roman Art.
New Haven: Connecticut Academy of Sciences.
Brooke, Christopher (1978). The Saxon and Norman Kings:
Third Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Brooten, Bernadette J. (1982). Women Leaders in the Ancient
Synagogue. Brown Judaic Studies 36. Chico, California: Scholars Press.
Brothwell, Don and Patricia (1969). Food in Antiquity: A
Survey of the Diet of Early Peoples. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
Brown, Peter (1967). Augustine of Hippo. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Brown, Peter (1982). Society and the Holy in Late Antiquity.
London: Faber & Faber.
Brown, Peter (1988). The Body and Society: Men, Women, and
Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity. New York: Columbia University Press.
Brown, Raymond (1979). The Community of the Beloved
Disciple. New York: Paulist Press.
Bruce, F.F. (1969). The Acts of the Apostles. Grand Rapids:
Wm. B. Eerdmans.
Bruce, F.F. (1985). The Pauline Circle. Grand Rapids,
Michigan: William B Eerdmans.
Buchler, Adolph (1968). Types of Jewish-Palestinian Piety
from 70 B.C.E. to 70 C.E. New York: Ktav Publishing House.
Buckland, W.W. (1908, 1970). The Roman Law of Slavery.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bultmann, Rudolf (1955). Theology of the New Testament. New
York: Scribner’s.
Bultmann, Rudolf (1976). History of the Synoptic Tradition.
New York: Harper & Row.
Bultmann, Rudolf (1985).The Second Letter to the
Corinthians. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House.
Bultmann, Rudolf (1987). Faith and Understanding.
Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
Burckhardt, Jacob (1949). The Age of Constantine the Great.
New York: Doubleday & Co.
Burkert, Walter (1983). Homo Necans. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Burkert, Walter (1985). Greek Religion. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press.
Burkert, Walter (1987). Ancient Mystery Cults. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press.
Cagnat, R. (1911, 1975). Inscriptiones Graecae ad Res
Romanas Pertinentes. Chicago: Ares Publishers.
Cameron, Alan (1973). Porphyrius the Charioteer. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Cameron, Averil, and Hall, Stuart G. (1999). Eusebius: Life
of Constantine. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Campbell, Joseph (1955). The Mysteries. Princeton: Bollingen
Series XXX.
Cantarella, Eva (1992). Bisexuality in the Ancient World.
New Haven: Yale University of Press.
Carcopino, Jerome (1940). Daily Life in Ancient Rome. New
Haven: Yale University Press.
Casson, Lionel (1973). Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient
World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Casson, Lionel (1974). Travel in the Ancient World. Toronto:
Hakkert.
Chadwick, Henry (1976). Priscillian of Avila: The Occult and
the Charismatic in the Early Church. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chadwick, Owen (1977). The Reformation. Middlesex, England:
Penguin.
Champlin, Edward (1980). Fronto and Antonine Rome.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Charlesworth, James H. (1977). The Odes of Solomon.
Missoula, Montana: Scholars Press.
Cheesman, G.L. (1914, 1975). The Auxilia of the Roman
Imperial Army. Chicago: Ares Press.
Cheyney, Edward P. (1962). The Rise of Modern Europe: The
Dawn of a New Era, 1250-1453. New York:
Harper & Row.
Chilver, G.E.F. (1979). A Historical Commentary on Tacitus’
Histories I and II; (1985). A Historical Commentary on Tacitus’ Histories IV
and V. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Christian, William A. (1992). Moving Crucifixes in Modern
Spain. Princeton: Princeton University
Press.
Clauss, Manfred (2000). The Roman Cult of Mithras. New York:
Routledge.
Clinton, Henry Fynes (1845, but reprinted). Fasti Romani:
The Civil and Literary Chronology of Rome and Constantinople, 2 vols. New York:
Burt Franklin.
Coarelli, Filippo (1984). Greek and Roman Jewelry. London:
Cassell.
Cochrane, Charles Norris (1977). Christianity and Classical
Culture. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Cohen, Shaye J.D. (1989). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah.
Philadelphia: The Westminster Press.
Collier, Mark, and Manley, Bill (1998). How to Read Egyptian
Hieroglyphs. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Collins, Minta (2000). Medieval Herbals: The Illustrative
Traditions. London: University of Toronto Press.
Comotti, Giovanni (1979). Music in Greek and Roman Culture.
Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
Conzelman, Hans (1957). The Theology of St. Luke. New York:
Harper & Row.
Cooke, Harold P. (1931). Osiris: A Study in Myths, Mysteries
and Religion. Chicago: Ares Publishers.
Copleston, F.C. (1963). Aquinas. London: Penguin Books.
Cornfeld, Gaalya (1982). Josephus: The Jewish War. Grand
Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House.
Cornfeld, Gaalya, and Freedman, David Noel (1976).
Archaeology of the Bible: Book by Book. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
Cornford, F.M. (1957). From Religion to Philosophy. New
York: Harper & Row.
Cornford, F.M. (1957). Plato’s Theory of Knowledge.
Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill.
Cornford, F.M. (1971). Thucydides Mythistoricus.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Corte, Matteo Della (1976). Loves and Lovers in Ancient
Pompeii. Salerno: Cava dei Tirreni.
Cosman, Madeleine Pelner (1976). Fabulous Feasts: Medieval
Cookery and Ceremony. New York: George
Braziller.
Costa, C.D.N. (1974). Seneca. London: Routledge.
Crook, John (1967). Law and Life of Rome. Ithaca: Cornell
University Press.
Crossan, John Dominic (1998). The Birth of Christianity. San
Francisco: Harper.
Cullman, Oscar (1953). Early Christian Worship.
Philadelphia: The Westminster Press.
Cullman, Oscar (1964). Christ and Time. Philadelphia:
Westminster Press.
Cullman, Oscar (1975). The Johannine Circle. Philadelphia:
The Westminster Press.
Cumont, Franz (1912, 1960). Astrology and Religion among the
Greeks and Romans. New York: Dover Publications.
Cumont, Franz (1956). The Mysteries of Mithra. New York:
Dover Publications.
Cumont, Franz (1956). The Oriental Religions in Roman
Paganism. New York: Dover Publications.
Cunliffe, Barry (1971). Fishbourne: A Roman Palace and its
Garden. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Curran, John (2007). Pagan City and Christian Capital: Rome
in the Fourth Century. Oxford: Oxford Classical Monographs.
Dahl, Nils Alstrup (1976). Jesus in the Memory of the Early
Church. Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing.
Dalby, Andrew (2002). Empire of Pleasures: Luxury and
Indulgence in the Roman World. London: Routledge.
Danielou, Jean (1973). Gospel Message and Hellenistic
Culture. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press.
Daniel-Rops, Henri (1979). Daily Life in Palestine at the
Time of Christ. London: Phoenix Press.
D’Arms, John H. (1981). Commerce and Social Standing in
Ancient Rome. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Daube, David (1956). Forms of Roman Legislation. Oxford:
Clarendon Press.
Daube, David (1973). The New Testament and Rabbinic Judaism.
New York: Arno Press.
Davies, Malcolm, and Kathirithamby, Jeyaraney (1986). Greek
Insects. New York: Oxford University
Press.
Davies, Roy W. (1989). Service in the Roman Army. New York:
Columbia University Press.
Davies, W.D. (1980). Paul and Rabbinic Judaism.
Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
Day, John (1956). Tax Documents from Theadelphia: Papyri of
the Second Century A.D. New York: Columbia University Press.
Dayagi-Mendels, Michal (1989). Perfumes and Cosmetics in the
Ancient World. Jerusalem: Exhibition Catalogue.
Delbruck, Hans (1990). Warfare in Antiquity. Lincoln:
University of Nebraska Press.
Detienne, Marcel, and Vernant, Jean-Pierre (1989). The
Cuisine of Sacrifice among the Greeks. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press.
Devereux, George (1976). Dreams in Greek Tragedy. Oxford:
Basil Blackwell.
Deiss, Joseph J. (1966, 1985). Herculaneum: Italy’s Buried
Treasure. New York: Harper & Row.
Dennie, John (1910). Rome of Today and Yesterday: The Pagan
City. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons.
Dessau, Hermannus
(1892, 1979). Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae. Chicago: Ares.
Diaz-Mas, Paloma (1992). Sephardim. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press.
Dibelius, Marin (undated). From Tradition to Gospel. New
York: Scribner’s.
Dibelius, Martin, and Conzelmann, Hans (1983). The Pastoral
Epistles. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
Dilke, O.A.W. (1987). Mathematics and Measurement. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Dill, Samuel (1969). Roman Society from Nero to Marcus
Aurelius. Cleveland: Meridian Books.
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University Press.
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Cavalry. London: Routledge.
Dixon, Suzanne (1988). The Roman Mother. Norman: University
of Oklahoma Press.
Dobin, Joel C. (1977). The Astrological Secrets of the
Hebrew Sages. Rochester, Vermont: Inner Traditions International, Inc.
Dodd, C.H. (1946). The Johanine Epistles. New York: Harper
Brothers.
Dodd, C.H. (1954). The Epistle of Paul to the Romans.
London: Hodder & Stoughton Ltd.
Dodd, C.H. (1963). Historical Tradition in the Fourth
Gospel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dodd, C.H. (1968). More New Testament Studies. Grand Rapids,
Michigan: William B. Eerdmans.
Dodd, C.H. (1978). The Interpretation of the Fourth Gospel.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dodd, C.H. (1980). The Apostolic Preaching and Its
Developments. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House.
Dodds, E.R. (1933). Proclus: The Elements of Theology.
Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Dodds, E.R. (1951). The Greeks and the Irrational. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Dodds, E.R. (1965). Pagan & Christian in an Age of
Anxiety. New York: W.W. Norton.
Donaldson, T.L. (1965). Ancient Architecture on Greek and
Roman Coins and Medals. Chicago: Argonaut Publishers.
Dorey, T.A. (1975). Empire and Aftermath: Silver Latin II.
London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Dorsey, David A. (1991). The Roads and Highways of Ancient
Israel. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Doughty, Charles M. (1989). Arabia Deserta. London:
Bloomsbury.
Dover, Kenneth (1978). Greek Homosexuality. New York:
Vintage Books.
Dover, Kenneth (1980). Plato, Symposium. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Downey, Glanville (1963). Ancient Antioch. Princeton:
Princeton University Press.
Drabkin, I.E. (1950). Caelius Aurelianus on Acute Diseases
and on Chronic Diseases. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Drake, H.A. (2000). Constantine and the Bishops. Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press.
Duby, Georges (1968). Rural Economy and Country Life in the
Medieval West. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press.
Duff, A.M. (1958). Freedmen in the Early Roman Empire. New
York: Barnes & Noble.
Dumezil, Georges (1966). Archaic Roman Religion, vols. 1 and
2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Duncan-Jones, Richard (1982). The Economy of the Roman
Empire: Quantitative Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dunn, James D.G. (1999). Jews and Christians: The Parting of
the Ways AD 70 to 135. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans.
Dupont, Florence (1989). Daily Life in Ancient Rome. Oxford:
Blackwell.
Easterling, P.E., and Muir, J.V. (1985). Greek Religion and
Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Edelstein, Emma J., and Edelstein, Ludwig (1998). Asclepius:
Collection and Interpretation of the Testimonies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
University Press.
Edelstein, Ludwig (1967). Ancient Medicine. Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins University Press.
Edersheim, Alfred (1874, 1994). The Temple: Its Ministry and
Services as They Were at the Time of Jesus Christ. Grand Rapids, Michigan:
Kregel Publications.
Edwards, John (1984). The Roman cookery of Apicius. London:
Century.
Ehrman, Bart D. (2003). Lost Christianities: The Battles for
Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew. Oxford: University Press.
Ellis, E. Earle (1957). Paul’s Use of the Old Testament.
Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House.
Ellis, E. Earle (1980). Prophecy and Hermeneutic in Early
Christianity. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans.
Ellis, E. Earle (1981). The Gospel of Luke. Grand Rapids:
William B. Eerdmans.
Ellis, E. Earle (1991). The Old Testament in Early
Christianity. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House.
Ellis, E. Earle (1999). The Making of the New Testament
Documents. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers.
Ellis, J.R. (1976). Philip II and Macedonian Imperialism.
London: Thames & Hudson.
Erman, Adolf (1971). Life in Ancient Egypt. New York: Dover
Publications, Inc.
Evans, Harry B. (1994). Water Distribution in Ancient Rome:
The Evidence of Frontinus. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Farnell, Lewis Richard (1977). The Cults of the Greek
States, vols. 1-5. New Rochelle, New York: Caratzas Brothers.
Faulkner, Neil (2002). Apocalypse: The Great Jewish Revolt
Against Rome AD 66 -73. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus Publishing.
Feeley-Harnik, Gillian (1981). The Meaning of Food in Early
Judaism and Christianity. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Feldman, Louis H., and Hata, Gohei (1987). Josephus,
Judaism, and Christianity. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
Ferguson, John (1970). The Religions of the Roman Empire.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
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